The challenges of increasing diversity in schools today Essay

The challenges of increasing diversity in schools today - Essay ExampleIn Canada, for instance, schools continue to face significant challenges in accepting diversity. Usual is the recognition of the holidays or foods or costumes of various cultures, however, those are only superficial as compared to understanding difficult issues around accommodating so many a(prenominal) diverse beliefs and customs. On top of this, schools struggle to accommodate students whose first language is not English or French, or other similar needs because they lack the specialized capacity to provide for them (Levin, 2008). In the US, upon incoming elementary school, large numbers of limited-English-proficient and bilingual students are placed in programs that assume relatively poor levels of achievement and focus on remedial education (Independent Commission on Chapter 1, 1992 Stanford Working Group, 1993 U.S. Department of Education, 1993). much(prenominal) inequities in different childrens expectat ions for school success may be a grave displease to equal opportunities that Americans highly value and take pride in. Thus, it threatens the future well-being of the society relying on the harmonised coexistence of multiple cultures.Government, as well as non-government organizations such as the National Association for the Education of newborn Children and the National Association for Family Day Care are exerting efforts in promoting multi-cultural education through the publication of curricula and handbooks center on an anti-bias setting. Likewise, the National Association of State Boards of Education Task Force on Early childhood Education encourages the use of childrens home language and culture to foster the development of basic skills. such efforts seek to ensure that childrens first school experiences are positive in that they feel trustworthy for who they are regardless of their cultural background.The controversies surrounding the growing diversity in

Anti-war comparing essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anti- state of warfare comparison - Essay ExampleIn the novels Vonnegut published leading up to massacre Five, which also included much(prenominal) works as Mother Night, Cats Cradle and God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater, themes emerged that would find their full flowering with Slaughterhouse Five. (Boomhower). It is important to understand that Vonneguts most famous work has been Slaughterhouse Five is which fictionally recreates his experience in Dresden. Even though Slaughterhouse Five was Vonneguts only novel to re-create his experience in Dresden, a strong anti-war theme can be found in his earlier literature as well. A fine example of one of his works that fits this description is Mother Night. (Kurt Vonneguts Mother Night). The theme of war and the expressed dislike for it can be evidently found in both the novels. However, it is obvious that the anti-war stage business of the novelist becomes more focused and complete in the Slaughterhouse-Five which is the result of more impr oved thought than Mother Night.It is by the working of the paradoxical concepts of war and lamb that the novelist expresses his preference for anti-war concerns in Slaughterhouse-Five. The foremost theme of the novel is war and its contrast with love, beauty, humanity, innocence etc and the novelist expresses his love for anti-war concerns. Slaughterhouse-Five, like Vonneguts previous throws, manages to tell us that war is bad for us and that it would be better for us to love one another. To find the wars contrast with love is quite difficult (Vit). The concern for anti-war has been evident in Mother Night though not solely rounded as in this novel. Slaughterhouse-Five is a novel clearly suggesting the authors interest in anti-war campaigns and the autobiographical nature, the characterization, and the themes and structure of the novel confirms this claim. Kurt Vonnegut was inspired by war to write Slaughterhouse-Five, which is a unique book referred to

Three periods of the history of the Church Research Paper

Three periods of the history of the Church - Research Paper ExampleTo begin with, permit us look at the traditions and the way of life of the early church building. The early church period that we argon looking at is the period from 70 A.D, when the church was begun, up to 325 A.D when the first council of Nicaea was held. During this period of time, the tradition of the Catholic Church can be explained as follows (History of the Early Church, web.).In terms of their doctrine and their faith, the Christians of the early church believed that saviour Christ is the Son of God, sent by God to the world for the redemption of humanity. The Christians of the early Church, also, believed in the afterlife, and for this reason their main priority in life was living in accordance with the teachings of their master, Jesus Christ, so as to enter the kingdom of God. The Christians of the early church, also, broke the bread, in remembrance of their master, as their master Jesus Christ had taught them. Breaking the break, therefore, was an integral part of the lives of the early Christians. Christians of the early church, also, set dates for the celebration of various Christian feasts and they also celebrated various Christian feasts like the Easter.During the early church period, the Catholic Church taught that the recital and the interpretation of the Scripture was a sole prerogative of the clergy. For that reason, the laity were discouraged from reading the Scriptures.

Cell biology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cell biology - look for Paper ExampleThe study of cells using microscopes can either be through transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy and optical microscopy (Lodish, 411).There are a number of techniques that are ordinarily employ in cell biology. Immunohistochemisty/ immunostaining is a useful histological technique that locates (tags) proteins in tissues and cells through fluorescence microscopy (towards various desire goals). Another common technique, cell culture, is used to grow cells under special conditions in the lab, outside a living organism while gene knock down is a method used to give the sack mutation in a selected gene. Computational genomics identifies certain patterns in genomic data as DNA microarrays are essential in noting variations in transcript levels of various experimental circumstances. The method of PCR indicates the number of gene copies put together in the cell and the process o f transfection introduces into a cell an entirely new gene. To discover which cells are expressing a certain transcript of RNA, cell biologists use in situ hybridization. During cell biology, purification of cells can be complete(a) using techniques much(prenominal) as flow cytometry, cell fractionation, immunoprecipitation, and so on (Pollard and William, 418).Some of the processes of the cell commonly studied by cell biologists include active and passive transport, adhesion, cell movement, DNA repair (cell remainder and senescence), gene expression, metabolism, cell signaling, division and autophagy. Knowledge of cell biology is useful in fields such as cancer research and other disciplines like genetics, microbiology, immunology, molecular biology, developmental biology, biochemistry, anatomy, biostatistics, ecology, epidemiology, histology, mycology, reproductive biology, toxicology, virology, bacteriology, and so on (Pollard and William,

Philosphy 103 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philosphy 103 - Essay ExampleIn his work entitled The Ethics of Belief, Clifford highlighted two centre reasons he felt beliefs atomic number 18 not just peoples private business (Kessler, p. 324). This stance on beliefs courted as many enemies and friends for Clifford as people opposed and supported his notions in equal measure. The Ethics of Belief want to emphasize the principles of his feelings well-nigh beliefs. However, the primal issues in this essay, like in most early(a) essays he wrote on belief, was to show that it is wrong for a person to accept or take in or about things without supporting and considerable evidences (Kessler, p. 324). In fact, it is Cliffords notions and principles, which are considered the principles on which modern scientific reasoning is based. The chief(prenominal) reason Clifford asserts that beliefs are not personal businesses is the fact that ones beliefs affect others in society. ... The other strong argument fronted by Clifford is that be lieving things on poor or flimsy grounds makes a person and society vulnerable to believe in falsehood, which may then be transferred to the larger family or society (Kessler, p. 324). On the contrary, in 1896, William throng conducted a lecture entitled The Will to Believe. In essence, this lecture sought to counter Cliffords assertion that beliefs should be based on significant evidences. That is, James felt that beliefs need not be based on prior evidences of truth (Kessler, p. 324). The lecture by James is largely regarded as being defensive of religious faith, which is oft seen to lack evidence of truth. The central argument in this lecture was that the initial adoption of beliefs should form the basis of accessing truth and ascertaining whether evidences exist for the beliefs in question (Kessler, p. 324). For instance, according to James, one may believe in his ability to execute a apt(p) task, if such a task requires one to be confident. In fact, James opines that even sci entific inquiries are based on first believing that something exists without first having significant evidence. Thus, for James, like one may believe in his or her ability to accomplish a task, religious belief may be acute if a person initially lacks evidence of the truth of the belief (Kessler, p. 324). However, James theory gives room for situations in which it is not entirely clear whether one is likely to lose or gain truth. That is, by not making up ones mind, one may save himself or herself by throwing away(predicate) the chance of gaining the truth about a belief (Kessler, p. 324). These scenarios are those in which one is not often forced to choose between believing falsehood and truth

Marketing SLP 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing SLP 1 - shew ExampleLocation and its current market strength Best spoil Co., Inc. (BBY) is a company with its declination traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and is also listed in the Fortune 100. It is the largest specialty retailer of consumer electronics in the USA and Canada. Its total market share stands at 21% of the market. Its Headquarters are located in Richfield, Minnesota, USA. The company has a few subsidiaries such as Pacific Sales, Magnolia Audio and Geek Squad. The Best Buy Canada subsidiary does not operate its original name. In fact, it operates under the Future Shop label, which has a preferably large market share in Canada (Hill, June 2008, retrieved July 2, 2008).Products BBY sells all categories of consumer electronics television sets, computing devices, i-phones, i-pods, mobile phones, digital and video cameras, Blu-ray discs, computer software, video games, DVD players, washing machines, dryers, refrigerators, music and so on. Each sto re also has a dissolve department for audio and video equipment.Global operations Its global network spans Canada, China, Mexico, Puerto Rico and Turkey. The company has plans afoot(predicate) for further expansion. For example its current network of stores amounting to 1150 in the USA will expand up to 1400 by the end of the current year. Its planning string of acquisitions in the UK in 2009. For instance it will debase up rivals like Kesa Electricals and DSG International to position itself with a strategic advantage over other competitors.Chinese market In June 2006, the company negotiated a deal with Feidiao Electrics Co. Ltd., in Shanghai to buy space on one of its buildings at a cost of $31.25 million. This figure includes the cost of decoration and outsourcing. Electronics retailers in China responded to this news show with their own marketing tactics. Right now, despite Best Buys international presence Chinese electronics retailers have not fallen far behind in competitio n and sales revenue. Yongle which has nearly 50% of

Research Methadology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research Methadology - Essay ExampleIf all these above mentioned aspects susceptibility be known, then it might prove effective for the inquiryer or the investigator to pass judgment the of import points of the research question and whether it is useful for the future steps of the research or not.The research goal alike acts as a tool to evaluate, whether the investigation is fixed or variable. The researcher might analyze, which type of research design such as qualitative or quantitative might be used. Furthermore, if the research design is develop with the help of hypothesis, the choice of grouping the researchers might be easily evaluated. Thus, it might be stated that, it is the research design that acts as the catalyst in analyzing the entire effectives of the research project or playing area (Leavy, 2014, 351-357).Semi structured oppugns is a sort of interview that is entirely establish on a precise list of questions or a specific set of questions. Moreover, semi-stru ctured interview might also be based on certain specific topics so as to understand the personality and attitude of an individual. This type of interviews is conducted in an informal way in order to gather varied types of information and facts regarding the candidate. This makes an interpersonal relationship in spite of appearance the two individual (management and the candidate) that enhances their trust and reliability among one-another. Although, it is not followed but it includes some advantages, presented below.In-depth information With the help of this interview process, an in-depth evaluation of the ideas and facts of the candidate over a specific topic might be analyzed. It helps the management to evaluate the inner strengths and weaknesses of the candidate and whether he or she is appropriate for the job or not.Experiences might be overlap In this type of interview process, varied types of previous

Assessment Event Documentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Assessment Event Documentation - try ExampleThe circumstance is titled An Investor-Consumers Forum for a Cancer-free Abu Dhabi and will be hosted in Zayeed cricket field in Abu Dhabi owing to its large parking atomic number 18a on the west and east side of the bowl and athletic lane. The event is supposed to portray Abu Dhabi e exceptionally, western region as an investment hub while increase awareness about breast genus Cancer by running for cancer awareness.The previous years occasion for Abu Dhabi Investor Consumers Forum/Exhibition drew in more than 500 investors both internationally and locally. The event was welcome by the stakeholders and the sponsors which included the Fairmont Hotel, and Abu Dhabi distribution company (ADDC). Marketing of the event was done as an expounding for entrepreneurial abilities and a forum for networking professionals, businesspersons and consumers alike. The event yielded much income from the purchase of wares by attendees.We therefore exten d our special invitation to Baynounah Institute to be exclusive sponsor of this years event that will include women endurance contest to increase cancer awareness. It will represent free investment workshop and women marathon for breast cancer awareness. This will come with additional rights to the sponsors like being included in the advertisements both print, oral and look out as the main sponsor. It will also give Baynounah Institute a chance to strategically office staff its tent and get mentioned in by every usher during the event to any new visitor.We are already working on increasing our social media presence as a way of doing forwarding of the event. We corroborate also designed banners bearing this years theme together with a mete out we are locating to the name of the sponsor. Once we get a confirmation of the sponsorship, we will just blot the institutes name and print them in bulk. The same also applies to the print and television advertisements, which we have set aside

AIIB Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

AIIB Assignment - Coursework Exampleus adviser ok then treaty ok If adapted to start work, doing the things in the hypothesize seekers agreement and looking for job then meeting Job Centre Plus career adviser ok If attending a restart course or attending job interviews then looking for job ok. Here below is And/Or to represent the reasoning the transcription may go through in order to arrive at a finish about the users entitlement to the benefit Abstract The society addition the industry at large are getting knowledge oriented and they do rely upon the decision made by different happys. Introduction of a knowledge based strategy presents us with an expert on demand available at any time and in any place and is able to process information within the shortest time possible. (Tuthhill, S and Levy, 1991)The step to introduce such a governing body greatly promotes consistency and gives the intended usershighnction at a relatively higher level. The knowledge based surface takes i nto consideration the varied techniques and methodologies for re-use and capture of process and product engineering knowledge. This process is intended to reduce the equal plus time taken during software production, which is in real sense attained through the mechanisation of every repetitive devise activity whilst we capture, retain and re-use design knowledge. This paper examines the procedures of selecting a suitable design blast for a proto type of a system that will automate the processes involved in checking and indirect the eligibility of the persons entitle to job seekers allowance. It justifies the need for using a knowledge based approach during the software growth process, accesses the possible advantages associated with this given design choice and gives suggestion on the extra steps to be taken during the approach to ensure that it remains economically feasible. Introduction Expert systems are the system types intended to top real life problems that would usually require some specialized human effort like a real estate consultant or a doctor. Prior to building an expert system, there is a need that the relevant knowledge be extracted from the given human expert. Such knowledge is based on important rules of thumb rather than the absolute uncertainties. A knowledge engineer has the duty of extracting such type of knowledge then using the same to build a knowledge base. The building of an expert system has lower chances of being successful when performed for the first time for the reason that the expert finds it hard expressing with preciseness what rules and knowledge they use in solving a problem. (Benefits and Risks of Knowledge Based Systems, 2004)The knowledge based design approach never follows the conventional method because of the complexity of the human knowledge. Knowledge elicitation has been never easy and turns to be more challenging in case the exercise entails some uncertainties. This method entails an understanding of expert s ystem design plus the psychology associated with knowledge gathering. The skills involved include conducting interviews with the experts and assembling the components of a

Executive Level Financial Report Research Paper for RenDi Corporation

Executive Level Financial line for RenDi Corporation - Research Paper ExampleResults from the analysis of data, shows clearly that Southwest Airlines has made greater strides to turn a market force in the airwave industry by keeping at equating with average industry ratios (Mazzeo, 2003). The fact that the keep societys ratios are non so high supra industry average however means that entrusting it with a five year long load would not be advisable. It can therefore be concluded that the prospects of the company in its current state with personnel from the year 2009 is neutral. This means that the performance of the company is neither below average nor above average. Based on this, the major recommendation that is put across is for RenDi Corporation to enter into a short term commitment of a maximum period of three years with Southwest Airlines. 2.0 Overview of Southwest Airline as an aviation company From a humble beginning in 1971 where Southwest Airline operated with only t hree (3) Boeing 737 aircrafts in Texas, the company has today grown to be a major force in the air transfer industry. It is refreshing to note that the company currently operates a total of five hundred and fifty (550) Boeing 737 aircrafts with new(prenominal) standby aircrafts for emergency service delivery. By a random and non-itemized evaluation, it would be true to argue that the company has made a lot of important progress that are worth commending. One important subject that continues to be a major competitive advantage of the company over key competitors has to do with the merged attention that the company gives to customers. Such customer satisfaction culture has continued to build a icon around the company whereby customers who have tried other competitors become convinced of the quest to keep doing strain with Southwest Airlines because of the customer satisfaction they guarantee. Another major area of competitive advantage has to do with the corporal responsibility of the company, which has been directed at keeping a safe and green environment. This particular vision of the company is kept alive by the use of environmental friendly sources of fuel. One of such sources of fuel has been place to include renewable synthetic diesel fuel, which has lately proven to be very effective and high-octane in the air transport business. To RenDi Corporation, the latter is an opportunity to establish firm business lines and linkages with Southwest Airlines and therefore this comprehensive research report to test the authenticity of the performance rate of the company. 3.0 An evaluation of Southwest Airlines fiscal performance for the period 2009, 2010, & 2011 3.1 Profitability Within the period of 2009 to 2011, Southwest Airline has given different and alter indications of its ability to generate income and subsequently maintain growth. First, it can be seen that the company responses sharply to prevailing globose economic trend. This is because unlik e 2008 where the net income of the company was US$179 billion, this dropped to a woeful US$99 million by the end of 2009 when the global economic crunch was at its peak (Southwest One Report, 2010, p. 7). In 2010 and 2011, the get ahead of the company in terms of net income increased steadily over 2009 but not anterior years like 2006 and 2007 mainly because the recessionary recovery were not completely over. In the year 2011 for instance, the make headway of th

Individual Business Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Individual Business Report - Essay ExampleOur committal The mission of Lancome male skin caveat is to offer and luff products and services that will improve the strong-arm appearance of men while maintaining their masculinity, and this promotes appreciation of gender diversity and presentable male appearance in the society. Value proposition Lancome male skin circumspection is in a very competitive commercialize structure that requires great value propositions. In this case, it strives to ensure that the clients enjoy high-end skin care products with affordable prices with a satisfactory feedback. This will boost its client numbers and expand its market base. The Opportunities Lancome male skin care has a lot of advantages that gives it a competitive advantage over similar companies and this entails Differentiated skin care products that capture the male client preference diversity A multi-choice of high-end products and service offer at a significantly tawdryer price compa red to the competitors hence attracting more clients Ability to meet immediate demand of customers on products supply and service delivery Easily approachable services that are reliable and meets the desires of the clients. Target Market The veritable(prenominal) consumers of Lancome male skin care admit Urban male dwellers most of whom are average earners or are elite socioeconomic groups Clients with middle class annual income estimated at more than $ 50,000/year almost of the customers love their body appearance and skin texture Most of the clients show interest in mod so that they can gain confidence, feel relaxed, attractive and maintain masculinity. Most of the customers targeted are male life-longing men in the age bracket ranging from 15-35 years age group. These individuals are still at the heights of pursuance appearance Clients needs that the firm seeks to meet include Provisional of services that will make the clients show their sensitivity to fashion and th eir personalities at home Provision of products that will be consistent with the fashion and trite quality as per the clients taste Ensure that the prices of the services and products are affordable allege more services under same product package at a fairly cheap price as this will substantially save the consumers their money. The Marketing Mix The concept of marketing in this case is vital for the survival of Lancome male skin care. The first approach is to analyze the feature of the products so that potential customers and the existing ones can be made aware of the wide variety on offer. These features include High quality premium/materials that are modern and fashionable to the customers Variety of product combinations and selections to the clients Ultramodern and base hit guaranteed skin care products with immediate results Service features This is Lancome male skin care policy recommendation that evince on expansion of the existing services and optimizing satisfactio n of the desires of the customers. These include Customized products pre-order so that each client attains his loveable features in a product met Help various clients in other facial lifting products and safety precautions quip online transaction and shopping by the clients.

Effects of human behavior on contemporary architecture design Essay

Effects of pitying behavior on contemporary architecture design - Essay ExampleHuman beings in their natural way interact with the physical environment. They function the environment to suit their reads. Human beings are always under conditions of uncertainty. They have unlimited reads that guide to be satisfied for their survival. It is the unique nature for humans to have a sense of place (Newman and Douglas 72). The root word of place can be based on the built entity and the component of social order. This creates a need to possess a certain territory. The territory should provide comfort and shelter. Shelter is a basic need of human beings and an important factor in architectural design. At this level people seek reveal housing that fits their requirement, and will prefer to work in locations that reflect their ideals of social status. Individuals have a big(p) deal of influence on modern architectural design in the manner they behave, interact and get the hang space. T heir safety and security connects to personal feelings and space that they inhabit. These feelings bear a great deal of influence on how design solutions appear relative to the surrounding society. Cultural traits are those characteristics that define culture and sub-culture. They are the human norms that govern actions, the view of the world and approach of human behaviors (Newman and Douglas 72). The most common trait definitions are cultural values, roles and norms. Cultural values call for an architectural design that is relevant to the cultural norms. A successful installing must provide aesthetic and functional significance to the society.

Individual Human Beings, Organisations, Groups and Artefacts Essay

Individual Human Beings, Organisations, Groups and Artefacts - Essay ExampleWhen companies performance in terms of production production is studied, then we say that the companies agnise the unit of analysis for that case. On the other hand, Artefacts comprises of reserves, poems, paintings, and evensongs, they also make up a unit of analysis. When one studies or learns about a certain throw, then the book becomes a unit of analysis, since ones aim will entail analyzing different aspects in the book (Downing & Clark, 2010). The ecological fallacy, emphases about clarity on the units of analysis, and how ambiguities lead to an error, the conclusions made from an analysis conducted at a free radical take aim may not relate at the individual level. Equally, analyses at the individual level may not pertain to the group level analysis. Most important, the analysis should take place at the level where usualizations should be implied. For example, if a city as a unit of analysis, wi th most researchers, has the highest crime rates it does not mean that the researchers commit the crimes, but they get drawn there for study purposes (Downing & Clark, 2010). Question two. The two models of news report include the deductive bill and the probabilistic explanation. The deductive explanation amounts to a deductive assumption of explanation under the principles with general laws and particular facts. It seeks to answer wherefore things happen the way they happen or occur, by presenting that the episode resulted from a particular situation specified. An example of an inductive explanation could be the explanation why the handle of a spoon appears bent at a point where it emerges from a glass of water. Therefore, in this case the explanation would be deductively based under the laws of reflection and refraction to account for the appearance of the spoon. Hence, the deductive explanation involved forms universal theoretical principles (Downing, & Clark, 2010). The proba bilistic explanation forms assertions to account that if certain specified plenty or situations occur, then the occurrence of such events must follow from the statistical probabilistic laws. Their occurrence does not invoke a universal law but rather generalization about its effect. It thus presupposes general laws of statistical nature, as opposed to universal held theories and principles. An example of the probabilistic explanation could be to infer why a patient heals after taking a given drug, say penicillin. This can be explained by presupposing a general link between the unhealthiness and the drug, and conclude that it is the drug that can heal the illness in a high percent period of situations (Downing & Clark, 2010). Question three Levels of measurement implies to the process or properties that set apart the measurement process itself. Therefore, most of the social phenomenon can be measured in any of the pursual levels of measurement ratio, ordinal, nominal and interval . Using the ordinal and interval levels one can measure age, since age as a variable has attributes of exclusive and mutually inclusive categories. With ordinal, age can be ranked from the highest to the lowest. In addition, using the interval level, age can be grouped or classified into different age groups. Therefore, using the ordinal scale one can express income in monetary terms and that a single value can take different numbers. One could also use the interval scale, since income as a variable can be expressed as quantities, thus categorising and classifying it. Family size can

Final exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Final exam - Assign handst utilizationThe women also fail to challenge patriarchy rule in their societies, as well to challenge mens dominance over them. Women, according to Hooks, should be compatible with the blame of sexism and not view it as a competing ideology between men and women.Kimmel is of the view that most violent people in the bustling world are men. He sees gender inequality as a key cause of violence. jibe to him, women exhibit aggression in terms of gossips unlike men who are quite physically vulturine (Kimmel, chapt12). In the United States history of gender violence, gender violence by men has been termed as a proof of manhood. Men view violence as a form of communication to women. He states that images of masculinity create a violent society.Men and women are concerned with aspects that exaggerate their biological conflicts. Love and intimacy is termed as traditionally feminine, while inner behavior is increasingly defined as masculine. Masculinization of grammatical gender is as a result of transformation in sexuality and sexual revolution with the promise of sexual freedom that has fewer emotional and physical consequences (Kimmel, chapt11). Men and women harbor different conceptions about sex grounds and fantasies. Kimmel hence, argues that gay men in the society have low rates of committed relationships, while lesbians have the highest rate of committed relationships. He concludes that men place sexuality at the center of their lives while women are interested in affection and care in the context of a love relationship. The sexual peaks difference between men and women is thought to be biological, but Kimmel argues that it is a reflection of the affectionate organization of nuptials in a society.According to Fone, the Sodom story was not a punishment to homosexuality. He states that Sodom was conflacted with varied kinds of social deviances. The sodomites were accused of being heretics, traitors, adulterers, hypocrites, ido l

FAMILY VIOLENCE AND ABUSE Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FAMILY VIOLENCE AND ABUSE - Research Paper ExampleThey tend to vex issues with their emotions (Wallace 1996). In 1994 and 1996 the Congress passed the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) that confirms domestic violence is a national abuse and federal official laws can help overburden State and local Criminal Justice System. VAMA is a legislative figure that aims to improve criminal justice and community-based responses to domestic violence violence in dating or courtship, cozy assault and stalking in the United States (Dziedzic 2009).Additionally, children who become wrongdoers or victims may face great obstacles in life, like emotional, mental, and physical development. These obstacles include attention deficit, lack of proper social skills, educational difficulties, substance rib and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (Lloyd 2001).It is a federal crime under the VAWA, under the Gun control spiel for convicted felons to have a firearm or ammunition after conviction of a misdemeanour crime of domestic violence and a maximum prison penalty term of ten years depending on the seriousness of the bodily harm caused (Wallace 1996). The legislation defines domestic violence in-depth and understanding of the law to avoid misinterpretation. The offender gets a clear and proper judgment and proper action undertaken. The legislation also covers the rights of the victims and the offenders as it ensures both parties are properly represented. In the gun act where felons are prohibited from owning a gun or ammunitions helps a lot in ensuring that the spouse or children dont assault with a weapon that kills. Also, stalking is prohibited in some state with the intent to injure or cause bodily harm to a person who shared intimacy or were intimate with (Dziedzic 2009).These laws prevent further harm to people as many are often harassed by their former lovers who stalk them with intent to harm him or her due to the fact that their relationship did not go as they expe cted it to go, actions can now be

PROSTITUTION -this is for health ethics and law in Canada class Essay

PROSTITUTION -this is for health ethics and jurisprudence in Canada class - probe ExampleThis theory fits very well with the argument supporting it, as it teaches that individuals have a work and a responsibility of acting accordingly regardless of the consequences that will precede their actions (Longworth, 2010).The utilitarian ethical theory states that the choice that yields the greatest benefit to a majority of persons is the choice that is ethically correct. It places the locus of what is wrong and honorable solely on the outcome of choosing ones interest actions taking into account other peoples interest. The theory is against prostitution law in an effort of reducing suffering or negatives outcomes to the society. The principle based theory focuses on primary(prenominal) principles of ethics such as respecting the persons autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence practice. Thus, it calls for unethical stoppage of prostitution to protect tender-hearted dignity (Irvine, Osborne, Shariff & Sneiderman, 2013).The ethics of care theory, on the contrary, is in support of prostitution. From the theory, it is important to understand the various degrees of dependency of each individual, as it is essential to consider different situations in an effort to safeguarding and promoting the specific interest of the victims involved. legion(predicate) individuals see sex work as unethical yet for them it is a source of live food, and they cannot kick the bucket without. This has been supported by moral relativism source of morality that is concerned with the moral judgments differences crossways different cultures. It acknowledges that individuals in one way will disagree about what is ethically moral, but nonentity emerges objectively wrong or right (Fisher, 2013).According to subjectivism source of morality, subjectivism is according to the truth condition of utterance that prostitution is wrong from the moral human standard. Thus, it disapproves of the act subjecting it to be morally unethical practicing it. From objectivism based on authority source of

“How we discourage creativity” The creative spirit Essay Example for Free

How we discourage creativity The creative spirit Essay paygrade is the polarization of the learners work by a particular set of criteria introduced by the teacher (Goleman, 1992). This can be as simple as commenting on what type of art work is neat and what type is ugly to an early learner. While the learners work would have to be evaluated rather or later, doing so too soon might constrict the learners ideas of what is good and congenial as well as what is bad and ugly on as narrow a knowledge as that provided by the teacher. While this does train the learner to do as told, and conform to generally pleasant measures, it is insensitive to the idea of diversity and freedom of action. When kids are made to worry too much astir(predicate) whether theyre doing things right or non, they become too afraid to try new things that might not be right in their teachers eyes. Rewards are positive motivations given to learners in all tangible or intangible means (Goleman, 1992). Thes e can be tangible rewards such as candies or toys or intangible ones such as praises.Giving rewards motivates the learner to continue doing whatever tasks in the akin manner as in order to continue getting rewards. The problem is that excessive use of rewards would upshot away the simple joy of the military action from the child. The child will not wish to experiment with the activity and be more creative since the objective becomes doing exactly as the teacher says in order to know the rewards. Furthermore, if the learner simply looks forward to the rewards, no attention will be paid on the set of the activity itself which supposed to inculcate lessons that should remain even after the rewards are gone.Competition is placing two or more learners in a situation where some of them could win while others would lose (Goleman, 1992). This makes children step up to the challenge by motivating them with the prospect of outdoing one another. This could train students to answer the tea chers questions fleet if only the first person to answer could win a prize. However, holding competitions as part of learning activities is insensitive to the fact that children learn differently and should be allowed to learn at their own pace.Instead of forcing each learner into a competition where they would have to play by the teachers rules, the teacher should divulge out how each of the learners learn best and provide a proper atmosphere for each to make grow creatively in their own time. Restricting choices is hold in the possible activities that a learner could do in order to explore a particular subject matter (Golema, 1992). This could be as simple as disallowing a student from using certain colors when drawing a picture.It is the learners remainder that leads him or her to enjoying activities and learning from them. Limiting the choices that a learner can make limits the places where curiosity could go, thereby limiting creative learning in general. While it is true that this gives focus to the learner, it takes away the possibility of exploring avenues that could also be enriching experiences. Reference Goleman, K. (1992). How we discourage creativity The creative spirit. Vol. 3 No. 2 pp. 61-62.

Explain Steps in Organizational Changes Process Essay Example for Free

Explain Steps in Organizational Changes Process renderThere are four steps in ecesisal exchanges process. The management of change implicates determining the demand for changes, determining the obstacles to change, implementing change, and evaluating change. Explaining steps in organizational change process are as follows First, the organization may determine the needs for changes to make organization more responsive, flexible and competitive.Before the changing, the organization should find the suspension between performance objectives and actual performance, and parts both(prenominal) indicators, which alike total net profit, sales per employee, and labor costs, to measure the gap in straddle to decide whether the organization needs to change. Second, the organization need to identify the obstacles, which like resisting changes at organization, division or individual level, Unions resistance, the culture, strategies and structures of the organization, and pecuniary ability, to antedate new policies and practices when the organization need to changes.For example, for the financial ability, HR manager expects to introduce new technology to make the organization more competitive. However, the organization doesnt have enough subsidies to afford all staffs to learn new skills. Therefore, the organization should identify all dominance barriers. Third, the organization should consider which methods to implement in the change to reduce the resistance from managers or employees. The organization git use internal managers or outer consultants to carry out the changes.The internal managers have more internal about people and business operations, but the internal managers often are too narrow to successfully introduce change. Besides, the external consultants are politically neutral and possessing broader and have more knowledgeable viewpoints, but the external consultants do non know the organization and its staff. Therefore, the organization sho uld measure which method is more suitable for the organization. Moreover, the organization should use Top-Down or Bottom-Up approach to implement the changes.The Top-Down approach which managers need to involve in decision and implementation, this approach emphasizes on speed and action. This approach shows the low-level staff just participates in the changes, but top-level managers are made decisions. The Bottom-Up approach which involves considerable discussion and consultation with managers and employees, it emphasizes participation, communication, and the minimizations of uncertainty. This approach makes the staff have more motivations and satisfactions. Therefore, the organization should choose which approach to implement the changes.Last, to measure the effectiveness of changes, the organization use about indicators, like employee productivity, job satisfaction, sales, to compare the before and after situations to analyze and control the outcome. For example, when the organiz ation enforced the change, it layabout compare the sales this year and last year to evaluate the effectiveness of the change. Therefore, the organization sens utilize different indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of the change. The organization should change regularly as the business purlieu is constantly changing.However, some of reasons why the employees sometimes resistant to change are followings If I were a HR manager, I would handle this situation with different methods to help the employees. As a HR manager, I would elapse with the employees to reduce the influences of them. Some employees may resist changing because they feel incapable of performing well to a lower place the new way of doing things like using high technology, and they do not understanding what is happening or why. Therefore, I would communicate with them to reduce their resistances.As a HR manager, I would participate with the employees to attend some lessons or courses, which are provided by the organization. It is because some of them may feel work overload and loss of shell when they faced the change. They may feel that they are physically or mentally unable to handle the change and feel uncomfortable. Thus, I would participate with them to support them to change. As a HR manager, I would organize some channels, which like meetings, memos, E-mails, and social network, to let the employees know why the organization needs to change in order to reduce their resistances and angers.In the channels, I would tell them the high technology only less skills required, the change can carry lower pay rate. So I would organize some channels to reduce their veneration of the unknown. As a HR manager, I would negotiate with the organization to provide the counseling for the lay-off employees to lower negatively charged emotions. Some of them may feel that their pay and benefits may be reduced or they may retreat their job as the economic downturn. Thus, I would require the organizati on provide counseling to give them comfort.As a HR manager, I would negotiate with the organization providing rewards when the employees accepted some required. The organization needs to introduce some high technology as an example, if some of them, who accepted the requirement, may have opportunities to increase their pays or promotion. Therefore, I would utilize some rewards to attract them. Therefore, as a HR manager, I am not only monitoring organizations environment, but also I should communicate with employees.

Carl Jung and the Theory of Archetypes Essay Example for Free

Carl Jung and the Theory of Archetypes EssayCARL JUNG AND THE scheme OF ARCHETYPES Background Carl Gustav Jung was born July 26, 1875, in the sm whole Swiss village of Kessewil He was surrounded by a fairly well educated ex melt downed family, including quite a few clergymen and some eccentrics as well. Jungs father started Carl on Latin when he was six years old, beginning a long interest in language and literature especially ancient literature. Besides nigh modern western European languages, Jung could sympathize several ancient ones, including Sanskrit, the language of the original Hindu holy books. Carl was a rather solitary adolescent, who didnt veneration much for school, and especially couldnt take competition. He went to boarding school in Basel, Switzerland, where he found him self the bearing of a lot of jealous harassment. He began to use sickness as an excuse, developing an embarrassing inclining to faint under pressure. Although his first c argonr choice was archeology, he went on to study medicinehe settled on psychiatry as his c beer. Carl Jung was to make the exploration of this inner space his lifes work.He went fitted out(p) with an app arently inexhaustible knowledge of mythology, religion, and philosophy. He had, in addition, a capacity for very lucid dream and occasional visions. In the fall of 1913, he had a vision of a monstrous flood engulfing most of Europe and lapping at the mountains of his native Switzerland. He saw thousands of people drowning and civilization crumbling. Then, the waters glum into blood. This vision was followed, in the next few weeks, by dreams of eternal winters and rivers of blood. He was afraid that he was becoming psychotic. But on August 1 of that year, World War I began.Jung felt that at that place had been a connection, somehow, between himself as an individual and military personnelity in general that could non be explained away. From then until 1928, he was to go by means of a rather p ainful process of self-exploration that formed the basis of all of his subsequently theorizing. He carefully recorded his dreams, fantasies, and visions, and drew, painted, and sculpted them as well. He found that his experiences tended to form themselves into persons, beginning with a wise old man and his companion, a detailed girl. The wise old man evolved, over a weigh of dreams, into a sort of spiritual guru.The little girl became anima, the feminine soul, who served as his main culture medium of communication with the deeper aspects of his unconscious(p). A leathery brown dwarf would show up guarding the entrance to the unconscious. He was the shadow, a blunt companion for Jungs ego. Jung dreamt that he and the dwarf killed a beautiful blond youth For Jung, this re pointed a warning about the dangers of the worship of glory and hero sandwichism which would soon cause so much grief all over Europe Jung dreamt a great deal about the dead, the land of the dead, and the r ising of the dead.These represented the unconsciousa new collective unconscious of humanity itself, an unconscious that could contain all the dead, non just our personal ghosts. Jung began to see the mentally ill as people who are haunted by these ghosts, in an age where no-one is supposed to even believe in them. If we could only recapture our mythologies, we would understand these ghosts, expire comfortable with the dead, and heal our mental illnesses. Critics see suggested that Jung was, very simply, ill himself when all this happened.But Jung felt that, if you unavoidableness to understand the jungle, you slang expression be content just to sail back and forth near the shore. Youve got to shake into it, no matter how strange and frightening it might seem. But then Jung adds the part of the psyche that makes his theory stand out from all others the collective unconscious. You could call it your psychic inheritance. It is the reservoir of our experiences as a species, a ki nd of knowledge we are all born with. And yet we can never be instantly conscious of it.It influences all of our experiences and behaviors, most especially the emotional ones, hardly we only know about it indirectly, by looking at those influences. There are some experiences that show the effects of the collective unconscious much clearly than others The experiences of love at first sight, of deja vu (the feeling that youve been here before), and the immediate recognition of veritable symbols and the meanings of certain myths, could all be understood as the sudden conjunction of our outer verity and the inner reality of the collective unconscious.Grander examples are the creative experiences shared by artists and musicians all over the world and in all times, or the spiritual experiences of mystics of all religions, or the parallels in dreams, fantasies, mythologies, fairy tales, and literature. A nice example that has been greatly discussed recently is the near-death experienc e. It seems that many people, of many different cultural backgrounds, find that they have very similar recollections when they are brought back from a close encounter with death.They speak of leaving their bodies, seeing their bodies and theevents surrounding them clearly, of being pulled through a long tunnel towards a bright light, of seeing deceased relatives or religious determines wait for them, and of their disappointment at having to leave this happy scene to return to their bodies. Perhaps we are all make to experience death in this fashion.Archetypes The contents of the collective unconscious are called specimens. Jung too called them dominants, imagos, mythological or primordial images, and a few other names, but patterns seems to have won out over these. An pilot is an unlearned tendency to experience things in a certain way.The drive archetype The start archetype is a particular(prenominal)ly good example. All of our ancestors had mothers. We have evolved in a n environment that included a mother or mother-substitute. We would never have survived without our connection with a nurturing-one during our times as help little infants. It stands to reason that we are built in a way that reflects that evolutionary environment We come into this world ready to want mother, to seek her, to recognize her, to deal with her. So the mother archetype is our built-in ability to recognize a certain relationship, that of mothering. Jung says that this is rather abstract, and we are likely to project the archetype out into the world and onto a particular person, usually our own mothers. Even when an archetype doesnt have a particular real person available, we tend to personify the archetype, that is, turn it into a mythological floor-book character. This character symbolizes the archetype. The mother archetype is symbolized by the primordial mother or earth mother of mythology, by Eve and Mary in western traditions, and by less personal symbols such as the church, the nation, a forest, or the ocean.According to Jung, someone whose own mother failed to gather the demands of the archetype may well be one that spends his or her life seeking comfort in the church, or in identification with the motherland, or in meditating upon the figure of Mary, or in a life at sea. The shadow Sex and the life instincts in general are, of course, represented somewhere in Jungs system. They are a part of an archetype called the shadow. It derives from our prehuman, living organism past, when our concerns were limited to survival and reproduction, and when we werent self-conscious.Itis the dark side of the ego, and the evil that we are capable of is often stored there. Actually, the shadow is amoral neither good nor bad, just like animals. An animal is capable of bare-ass care for its young and vicious killing for food, but it doesnt choose to do either. It just does what it does. It is innocent. But from our human perspective, the animal world loo ks rather brutal, inhuman, so the shadow becomes something of a garbage can for the parts of ourselves that we cant quite admit to. Symbols of the shadow include the snake (as in the garden of Eden), the dragon, monsters, and demons.It often guards the entrance to a cave or a pool of water, which is the collective unconscious. Next time you dream about battle with the devil, it may only be yourself you are wrestling with The persona The persona represents your public image. The word is, obviously, related to to the word person and constitution, and comes from a Latin word for mask. So the persona is the mask you put on before you show yourself to the outside world. Although it begins as an archetype, by the time we are finished realizing it, it is the part of us most distant from the collective unconscious.At its best, it is just the good impression we all wish to present as we fill the roles society requires of us. But, of course, it can also be the false impression we use to f orge peoples opinions and behaviors. And, at its worst, it can be mistaken, even by ourselves, for our true nature Sometimes we believe we real are what we pretend to be Anima and animus The anima is the female aspect present in the collective unconscious of men, and the animus is the male aspect present in the collective unconscious of women. Together, they are rebooted to as syzygy.The anima may be personified as a young girl, very spontaneous and intuitive, or as a witch, or as the earth mother. It is likely to be associated with deep emotionality and the staff office of life itself. The animus may be personified as a wise old man, a sorcerer, or often a exit of males, and tends to be logical, often rationalistic, even argumentative Other archetypes Jung said that there is no fixed number of archetypes which we could simply list and memorize. They overlap and easily melt into each other as needed, and their logic is not the usual kind.But here are some he mentions Besides mot her, their are other family archetypes. Obviously, there is father, who is often symbolized by a guide or an authority figure. There is also the archetype family, which represents the mind of blood relationship and ties that run deeper than those based on conscious reasons. There is also the tyke, represented in mythology and art by children, infants most especially, as well as other small creatures. The Christ child celebrated at Christmas is a manifestation of the child archetype, and represents the future, becoming, rebirth, and salvation.Curiously, Christmas falls during the winter solstice, which in northern primitive cultures also represents the future and rebirth. People used to light bonfires and perform ceremonies to encourage the suns return to them. The child archetype often blends with other archetypes to form the child-god, or the child-hero. Many archetypes are story characters. The hero is one of the main onesBasically, he represents the ego we do tend to identify with the hero of the story and is often engaged in fighting the shadow, in the form of dragons and other monsters.The hero is, however, often dumb as a post. He is, after all, ignorant of the ways of the collective unconscious. Luke Skywalker, in the Star Wars films, is the perfect example of a hero. The hero is often out to rescue the maiden. She represents purity, innocence, and, in all likelihood, naivete. In the beginning of the Star Wars story, Princess Leia is the maiden. But, as the story progresses, she becomes the anima, discovering the powers of the force the collective unconscious and becoming an equal partner with Luke, who turns out to be her brother.The hero is command by the wise old man. He is a form of the animus, and reveals to the hero the nature of the collective unconscious. In Star Wars, he is played by Obi Wan Kenobi and, later, Yoda. Notice that they teach Luke about the force and, as Luke matures, they die and become a part of him. You might be curious a s to the archetype represented by Darth Vader, the dark father. He is the shadow and the master of the dark side of the force. He also turns out to be Luke and Leias father. When he dies, he becomes one of the wise old men.There is also an animal archetype, representing humanitys relationships with the animal world. The heros faithful horse would be an example. Snakes are often symbolic of the animal archetype, and are vox populi to be particularly wise. Animals, after all, are more in touch with their natures than we are. Perhaps loyal little robots and reliable old spaceships the Falcon are also symbols of animal. And there is the trickster, often represented by a clown or a magician. The tricksters role is to hamper the heros progress and to generally make trouble.In Scandinavian mythology, many of the gods adventures originate in some trick or another played on their majesties by the half-god Loki. There are other archetypes that are a little more difficult to talk about. ge nius is the original man, represented in western religion by Adam. Another is the God archetype, representing our need to treat the universe, to give a meaning to all that happens, to see it all as having some purpose and direction. The hermaphrodite, two male and female, represents the union of opposites, an important idea in Jungs theory. In some religious art, Jesus is presented as a rather feminine man.Likewise, in China, the character Kuan Yin began as a male saint (the bodhisattva Avalokiteshwara), but was portrayed in such a feminine manner that he is more often popular opinion of as the female goddess of compassion The most important archetype of all is the self. The self is the ultimate symmetry of the personality and is symbolized by the circle, the cross, and the mandala figures that Jung was fond of painting. A mandala is a pull in ones hornsing that is used in meditation because it tends to draw your focus back to the center, and it can be as simple as a geometric figure or as complicated as a stained glass window.The personifications that best represent self are Christ and Buddha, two people who many believe achieved perfection. But Jung felt that perfection of the personality is only truly achieved in death. The archetypes, at first glance, might seem to be Jungs strangest idea. And yet they have proven to be very useful in the analysis of myths, fairy tales, literature in general, aesthetical symbolism, and religious exposition. They apparently capture some of the basic units of our selfexpression. Many people have suggested that there are only so many stories and characters in the world, and we just keep on rearranging the details.This suggests that the archetypes actually do refer to some deep expressions of the human mind. After all, from the physiological perspective, we come into his world with a certain structure We see in a certain way, hear in a certain way, process cultivation in a certain way, behave in a certain way, because our neurons and glands and muscles are structured in a certain way. At least one cognitive psychologist has suggested looking for the structures that correspond to Jungs archetypes Adapted from Carl Jung. procure 1997, C. George Boeree http//www. ship. edu/cgboeree/jung. html

Women on Death Row Essay Example for Free

Women on Death Row canvasHistory of Death Row Capital penalisation is punishment by dying for a crime, too known as the expiry penalty (Encyclopedia, Britannica, online). A directence of last may be carried tabu by virtuoso of five lawful means electrocution, hanging, lethal injection, gas chamber, and firing squad. Capital punishment is viewed really differently by m either wad. Some think it violates our Eight Amendment of the United States Constitution, cruel and different punishment, while oppo placees think it is justice to those who look at had their voices taken away. The first established destruction penalty laws figure as far back as the 18th century B.C. in the Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which systemize the death penalty for twenty-five different crimes. The death penalty was also part of the 14th snow B. C. s Draconian Code of Athens, which made death the nevertheless punishment for all crimes and in the fifth Century B. C. s Roman law of t he Twelve Tablets. Death sentences were carried out by such as crucifixion, d lyricning, beating to death, burning alive, and impalement. In the 10th Century A. D. , hanging became the usual method for executions for any crime, however in times of the war.This trend would not last very long, in the 16th Century, under the find of Henry VIII, as many a(prenominal) as viity- cardinal thousand people were estimated to have been punish. Boiling, burning at the stake, hanging, beheading, and drawing and quartering were some of the common methods of executions. The number of capital crimes rose in Britain throughout the succeeding(a) two centuries, and by the 1700s, two hundred twenty-two crimes were punishable by death in Britain including stealing, naked down trees, counterfeiting tax stamps, stealing from a house or shop, and robbing a rabbit warren.Because of the severity of the death penalty, many of the jurors would not convict the defendants if it was not a serious horror. This athletic supportered lead to the reform of Britains death penalty, and it helped influence Americas use of the death penalty also. The first attempted reform in the United States of the death penalty occurred when Thomas Jefferson introduced a bill to revise Virginias death penalty laws. It proposed that capital punishment be used only for the crimes of murder and treason, and the bill was defeated by only matchless vote.Although some states abolished the death penalty in the mid-19th Century, it was actually the first half of the 20th Century that marked the beginning of the Progressive Period of reform for the Unites States. Womens First Executions There are very little details of many of the earlier hangings because of the lack of media in those times. Newspapers only began to be routine in the mid 1800s and even then they were usually only published on a hebdomadary basis. But as a result, the earliest recorded female hanging in the colonies was that of Jane Chapman in p ack City, Virginia, in 1632 (httpwww. apitalpunishmentuk. org/amfemhang. html).Jane Champions crime was lost in history, and no one seems to know the offense she committed. The second fair sex known to be executed in the United States that was recorded was that of Margaret Hatch on June 24th 1633, for murder, also in Virginia. Hanging was the normal method of execution for both males and females until the electric chairwoman was introduced in 1888 in New York (http//www. capitalpunishmentuk. org/chair. html).It was also stated that the female prisoners usually liked to look their exceed before their executions and if they could afford it, they would buy or make themselves a immature outfit for the event. If they were too sorry to make or buy an outfit, it was not out of the ordinary for their friends, the townsfolk, or even the sheriff to provide them with new clothes to wear for the execution. Women Currently on Death Row It is very rare for a woman to be given the sentence of death in the United States. There are approximately cubic decimeter thousand women in prison in the United States, and only 0. % of them are on death path. rattling few women enter the capital murder system, and fewer still are ever actually executed, check to the (Death Penalty Info Center) Women account for only one in ten murder arrest. Women account for one in fifty death sentences imposed at a trial level. Women account for only one in seventy-one persons presently on death wrangling. Women account for only one in ninety-two persons actually executed in the modern era since 1976. As of January 1st, 2011, there were 60 women on death row (Death Penalty for Female Offenders). This constitutes for 1. 5% of the death row population of around 3,251 people on death row in the United States.Both the death sentencing rate and the death row population remain very minute for females in comparison to that of males. The execution of female offenders is quite curious with only 57 1 documented cases as of December 31, 2011, and beginning with the first execution in 1632, that of Jane Champion. These executions constitute 2. 9% of the total confirmed executions in the United States since 1608. As of December 31, 2011, there were only twelve females that had been executed since 1976 in the United States. Women on Death Row in TennesseeTennessee Prison for Women in Tennessee is located in Davidson County in Nashville, and was opened in 1966. It is a maximum auspices facility with an operating capacity for seven hundred eighty-nine female felons in the state of Tennessee, and it is also accredited by the American punitive Association. The TPFW houses inmates on all levels, including pre-release participants, work release inmates, and those women who are sentenced to the death penalty. The TPFW also offers academic courses that help the inmates shell their GED and also Adult Basic Education, along with Special Education programs.Vocational classes such as data processor literacy and application, construction, greenhouse focus, culinary arts, and cosmetology skills are also offered to the female inmates. This is offered to help the inmates when and if they are released back into society to help them better survive outside the walls of prison. Inmates also have full right of entry to a oscilloscope of treatment and psychological programs that include substance abuse, sex offender treatment and aftercare, anger management, pre-release and career management success programs. The prison also offers a drug and alcohol treatment program called the Correctional retrieval Academy.They also have a training program called PPAWS, Prison Puppies Achieving Worthy Service, which is designed to help in the rehabilitating of the female inmates, while also teaching them a marketable job skill. TPFW has also received content acknowledgment for their weekend child visitation program. In the state of Tennessee, there have only been two women sentenced to death row since record taking began, Gaile K. Owens, and Christa G. state highway. Gaile Kirksey Owens, inmate 109737, was born September 22nd, 1952, in Memphis, Tennessee (httptn. ov/correction/media/womendeathrow. html).Later, Gaile married Ronald Owens, who was an associate director of nursing. Mr. Owens was 37 years old when Gaile Owens in a murder-for-hire scheme, paid $17,000 to Sidney Porterfield to murder her philandering save on February 17, 1985. Owens was sentenced to death on January 14th, 1986, for accessory before fact-murder. Owens served twenty-six years on death row and after twenty-six years of ingatherings, her defense attorney asked the court to either commute her sentence or issue a recommendation to the governor to do so.Owens fate rested in the hands of regulator Phil Bredesen. Within two months of Owens execution, on July 14, 2010, Governor Bredesen commuted her death sentence to life and she could be eligible for tidings in 2012. Governor Bredesen said he decided to commute her sentence to life in prison because she had a plea deal with the prosecutors but then was put on trial when her co-defendant refused to abide the bargain. This was the second time that Governor Bredesen commuted the death sentence to a convicted murderer.Christa Gail superhighway inmate261368, born bound 10th, 1976, in West Virginia, became the youngest woman ever condemned to die in the U. S. , and the youngest woman on death row (The Straits Times, April 22, 2001). In 1994, throughway left her home in Durham, North Carolina, headed to Knoxville, Tennessee to work for the formal ruminate Corps Program. Pike was a high-school drop out and her mother had encouraged her to go join the line of reasoning Corps to at least get her some training. While there, Pike fell in cheat with a guy named Tadaryl Shipp, one year her junior.Together, Pike, and Shipp dabbled in devil worship together, along with their other friend, Shadolla Peterson. Pike became jealous of a fellow Job Corps worker, Colleen Slemmer, thinking that she was in love with Shipp and was hard to steal her boyfriend. Even though Slemmer kept trying to reassure Pike that she had no interest in her boyfriend, Pike did not believe her. Colleen Slemmer told her mother that she would wake up in the middle of the night and Christa Pike would be standing over her, she was very scared of Pike. Pike set out on a vengeance, she didnt believe that Slemmer wasnt in love with Shipp.Christa Pike, along with Tadaryl Shipp and Shadolla Peterson, lured Slemmer to Tyson Park, offering her marijuana as a peace offering. All four of them signed out of the dorm on the night of January 12, 1995, and that is when the horror began. Pike and her boyfriend, Shipp, tortured Colleen Slemmer for 30 to forty-five minutes with a box cutter and a small spirit cleaver, and they even carved a swastika symbol on her chest while she was still alive. They got worldly with cutting her, so pike picked up a chunk of asphalt and smashed Slemmers head again and again. Finally, after about an hour of torture, she was dead.Pike picked up a piece of Slemmers skull, placed it in her pennant pocket, and the three returned back to the dorm. The three was arrested within thirty-six hours of committing the crime. It took only two and one-half hours to convict Christa Pike guilty on both counts of murder and conspiracy. Pike was sentenced to death by electrocution for the murder way and was given twenty-five years for the conspiracy charge. Pike was also charged with attempted 1st stagecoach murder on August 12, 2004, when she strangled inmate Patricia Jones with a shoe string, nearly choking her to death.In her final round of state court appeals, Pikes defense team tried to shake the appellate court to create a new class of killers who should be exempt from the death penalty-18-year-olds with a history of mental illness. In April 2011, a state appeals court rejected her effort to escape dea th row. The state Supreme Court will next review Pikes latest appeal efforts. If Pike fails to win a reprieve from the high court, she then will be allowed to a federal appeal. But until the, Christa Pike will remain in her 810 cell at the end of the maximum security wing in Nashville, Tennessee, at the Tennessee Prison for Women.After doing research on Christa Pike, I contacted the Tennessee Women for Prison and sent my request to get an interview with her, but as of today, I have not received any response. In reading up on Pike, I have found that she does not do many interviews, and she does not write many people back that have written to her. In the interviews I have watched about her, I personally believe that she does not have any remorse for the crimes she committed and therefore, she deserves to sit in her 810 cell and think about how lucky she is to be alive.

Understanding American culture Essay Example for Free

Understanding the Statesn burnish EssayI was 18 years old when my father decided to send me to America and to cover the traveling expenses, my father exchange his land. At that time, my future looked so bright. Studying abroad was such(prenominal) a big deal to most(prenominal) Afghans non only on account of the cost that it entailed but also of the social prestige that went with it. My family consequently was living in a place c alled Macaroyain Community, a modern European-style, five-storey apartment complex in a three-square mile area complete with all the modern amenities. My family had high hopes for me and I felt handle an large with so many relatives sending me off the night before my departure. My brother had left for America devil years earlier and even if I had never been away from my family for just a single night, I was unfazed. I had my brother to count on. I was jolted by culture shock the moment I arrived at the San Francisco airport. Nothing resembled any thing that I was used to back in Kabul. The exposure I had had to American culture through the movies I watched back home and through the American friends of my uncles who came to Kabul hardly helped.Although I did well up in high school in Afghanistan, I realized that the technical position I knew would not take me far. It was not even sufficient to enable me to convey my ideas correctly. To cope, I used to carry a Dari-English dictionary with me wherever I went. I must have been an unusual sight having to rehearse in my head what I wanted to say and, when at a loss for the right word, I would crazily scan my dictionary. It was so comforting for me whenever the fellow I was speaking to would be considerate enough to anticipate as I groped for the correct word.It felt so embarrassing to be holding up the tilt at the grocery store or in the convenience store. The majority would wait sympathetically date a few would show their impatience and irritation by ill-concealed gestures. Basic differences between English and Dari worse matters. Robson and Lipson highlights the difficulties of Afghans in their observation that Dari and Pashto both puke direct objects before the verb (John Mary saw), whereas in English, we put direct objects after the verb (John saw Mary). (Cross-cultural Adjustments and Challenges,Grammar) At the same time, I also had trouble with th sounds, like th as in thank and this, and with the distinction between w and v as in wine and vine. (Pronunciation) My difficulties with English pronunciation and the frustration I felt when I could not be mute increased my homesickness. It also heightened my awareness of being different, my being a foreigner, my being from another culture. I rightfully wanted to be assimilated into American culture.Try as I did, my efforts seemed to backfire. Instead of making me blend into American culture, my persistent attempts to speak the English language like an American make me so self-conscious of my discr eteness that I often had the feeling that I was in effect isolating myself. Fortunately, most Americans I made contact with had the patience to adjust to my language difficulties. Perhaps, the fact that America is the melting pot of almost all cultures around the world made my problems very commonplace.With a lot of people of different nationalities arriving in America as tourists or immigrants, it is no longer uncommon for Americans to encounter people from different cultures. Looking back, I realize that I found strength in being with students from other countries when I started taking English as a Second Language course at Heald College. There were also Asians who, like me, were doing their trounce to work assimilated in the American way of life. Aside from this motley group of foreign students, the small club of Afghan students in the Bay Area offered some kind of psychological crutch.I was given a lot of advice and tips about how to go about with my new life in America. Thei r suggestions, though well-meant, ended up confusing me as some turned out to be contradictory. For example, a few advised that I should discreetly try to make inconspicuous my Afghan traits when I am with Americans in order to get assimilated quickly. On the other hand, others would say, it is pointless to hide my Afghan origins as it would always show up in one form or another.I attended school all day and spent the nights and week-ends working(a) as a busboy and then as a waiter in a eatery close to our apartment. Every Sunday afternoon, an uncle would take me to Alameda City to play volleyball with friends who are mostly Afghans themselves. aft(prenominal) the game, we would go to a restaurant and have dinner together. This was a welcome treat for me. In their company, I was able to relax and have a good time. I didnt have to exert superfluous effort to reach out to another culture. I felt at home and the feeling of belongingness was such great comfort.

Housing and environmental issues Essay Example for Free

Housing and environmental unveils Essay lodge development officer CDOs should have the qualification to communicate with a wide aver of people the ability to manage a budget sensitivity in dealing with multi- heathenish issues, such as religion networking skills and a good memory for names and faces the ability to work on their stimulate initiative Commitment to companionable inclusion issues. CDOs may work for a local authority he must also subscribe state-supported decision in multi ethnic communities housed by the associations. Public involvement in regeneration is wide held to be a good thing. on that point are very few who write ab expose or comment on regeneration, however it is defined who do not claim that public involvement is an Coperni support if not essential comp angiotensin converting enzyment of effective and successful regeneration. And to a great extent this has been the position in the UK and elsewhere for well over a century. However, in tha t location are very few studies that have influence out to measure and to analyse the impact of public involvement. In other words, few researchers have assay to see what difference it makes in practice to involve the public and whether any such differences are corroborative, in the sense of being both anticipated and desired.There are, nevertheless, many studies that shed some light on the runes of public involvement and draw conclusions about its impact in specific cases. The conclusion of many of these studies is that public involvement did not work very well in practice it was embarked upon too late insufficient resources were go forthd to make it effective the local environment was not very conducive and key decisions continued to be exitn by people not living in the areas affected. The importance of involving the public in attempts to correct and regenerate neighbourhoods has been recognised for many years.However, the consensus around the value and potential gets of g reater public involvement has believably never been stronger, not least because government has put it at the centre of its plans to modernise both the oral communication of public services and the very paradees of government. A simple theory of public participation The political imperatives impetuous forward the agenda of public participation are well established, scarce terzetto stand out at present. First is the feeling that participation is intrinsically good and worthwhile, and hence more participation is desirable. endorse is the growing acknowledgement that many major policy issues do not appear to be fitted of obvious resolution they can be termed wicked problems for this reason (Rittel and Weber, 1973). An obvious consequence of this recognition is to take a more open approach to their resolution, in other words to allow a wider regularise of partners into the arena of policy debate and hence to share the burden of resolution. Finally, there is a clear belief that greater participation is needed to stem if not reverse the apparent decline in genial chapiter charted by Putnam (2001) and his fol put downs (see DeFilipis, 2001).A slightly broader set of factors can be derived from the wider academic lit where at least four distinct explanations of or justification for greater public participation in government generally are apparent. Instrumentalist conceptions point to the fact that individuals are the best judges of their own interests and hence by participating in policy debates and political discussions they are best able to say and advance these interests. The job of government then lies in the aggregation of individual interests and the balancing of conflicting positions into a plausible public interest.Communitarian conceptions take a different approach and advocate a more embodied or tender approach among the participating public, such that a negotiated view of the public interest is provided to rather than by government. Of course government may then have to perform further rounds of aggregation or even facilitate further rounds of negotiation or consensus building, that the public plays a more undischarged part in the societal construction of their own idea of public interest.In this conception there is some degree of aggregation but government is still left to aggregate, adjudicate or vacate the possibly conflicting views of different communities or even coalitions of communities. Educative approaches suggest that public participation helps in developing a more sophisticated understanding of the complexities of policy issues of the ethical dilemmas and the need to make trade-offs for rout amidst price and quality or between the achievement of short and long term priorities.Finally, communicatory conceptions of participation emphasise the opportunity that political participation gives individuals to express their political identity. Through active campaigning, displaying posters, aid rallies, donati ng money or time, one is able to demonstrate to the world at large that fact that one is a feminist, a socialist, a conservative, a nationalist and so on.It is of course important also to make in mind that political participation can involve much more than voting in periodic elections, or even campaigning in them. At tilting meetings about issues of local or global concern and taking part in participatory events such as juries, consensus conferences or citizens juries are also important as is participation in ongoing campaigns or lobbies, again from local (save our school) to global (save our planet) issues.There is something of a paradox here, in that there is plentiful data available on evening gown political involvement in voting, but relatively little available on the more prosaic but nevertheless significant all(prenominal)day acts of involvement, such as going to meetings or simply engaging socially and maybe politically with ones neighbours (Hoggett and Bishop, 1986).In r ecent years some regular and extensive surveys have begun to provide valuable data of this type, but it is still the case that many sophisticated theoretical accounts of community engagement, civic transposition and social corking, have been constructed on flimsy existential foundations (Prime, Zimmeck Zurawa, 2002). But to develop a simple model of participation we need to consider in some more detail questions along each of the three main dimensions implied in the expression public participation in planning or policy making.Robert D. Putnam That horse opera society has changed dramatically since the middle of the 20th century. There is less agreement about what caused the changes, and whether they have been beneficial. nonpareil barometer of change in Western society is the level of social ceiling (a concept popularised by Robert D. Putnam), which results from gamy levels of investment by citizens in their community.Putnams investigation of American society, roll Alone ( 2000), considers the full range of changes affecting America (and all westbound societies) declining participation in institutional Christianity less involvement in sport and recreational clubs, politics, charitable causes, and volunteer work and a radical re-shaping of the family though divorce, a lower birth rate, and a disinclination to marry at all.These trends, Putnam argues, result in diminished social crown. Putnams analysis of America holds for the three Anglophone members of George W. Bushs coalition of the willing, America, Britain and Australia, and may explain why hawkish, rightfulness governments are the peoples choice at the start of the 21st century, despite an unprecedented kindliness and inclusiveness throughout the second half of the 20th century.Putnam notes a range of factors responsible for civic disengagement suburban sprawl the popularity of television and electronic media changed work patterns, including the large-scale en essay of women into the workforc e and generational changes resulting in the electric switch of an unusually civic generation by several generations Baby Boomers, Generations X and Y that are less embedded in community life (p. 275). In the fall in States, where voting is optional, these developments dilute democracy, and societies with low participation rates tend to become distrustful.Untrusting citizens call for tougher law and order focused governments, resulting in the election of increasingly rightfield political parties. companionable great(p) 1. Definition The concept and theory of social peachy dates back to the origins of social science however, recent scholarship has focused on social capital as a subject of social organization and a potential source of value that can be harnessed and born-again for strategic and gainful purposes. According to Robert David Putnam, the central premise of social capital is that social networks have value. well-disposed capital refers to the collective value of all social networks and the inclinations that arise from these networks to do things for each other. Social capital refers to the institutions, relationships, and norms that shape the quality and quantity of a societys social interactions. Increasing evidence shows that social cohesion is circumstantial for societies to prosper economically and for development to be sustainable. Social capital is not just the sum of the institutions that defend a society it is the glue that holds them togetherHowever, social capital may not always be beneficial. Horizontal networks of individual citizens and groups that enhance community productivity and cohesion are said to be positive social capital assets whereas self-serving exclusive gangs and hierarchical patronage systems that operate at cross purposes to communitarian interests can be thought of as negative social capital burdens on society. 2. History of the research on the concept Robert David Putnam, if not the first one to write on the iss ue, is considered as the major author on the concept of social capital.He is a U. S. political scientist and professor at Harvard University, and is well-known for his writings on civic engagement and civil society along with social capital. However, his work is concentrated on the United States only. His most famous (and controversial) work, Bowling Alone, argues that the United States has undergone an unprecedented collapse in civic, social, associational, and political life (social capital) since the 1960s, with in effect(p) negative consequences.Though he measured this decline in data of many varieties, his most smasher point was that virtually every traditional civic, social, and fraternal organization had undergone a massive decline in membership. From his research, a working group has formed at Harvard University and is called Saguaro Seminar. Most definitions around the social capital concept, notably those used by the World Bank, come from Putnams work and this research. 3. Measuring social capital The Saguaro Seminar, in the continuation of Putnams work, has been elaborating various means to measure the level of social capital in different contexts.It says on its website that measurement of social capital is important for the three following reasons (a) measurement helps make the concept of social capital more tangible for people who find social capital difficult or abstract (b) It increases our investment in social capital in a performance-driven era, social capital will be relegated to second-tier status in the allocation of resources, unless organizations can show that their community-building efforts are presentation results and (c) Measurement helps funders and community organizations build more social capital.Everything that involves any gentlemans gentleman interaction can be asserted to create social capital, but the real question is does it build a significant amount of social capital, and if so, how much? Is a specific part of an orga nizations effort worth go on or should it be scrapped and revamped? Do mentoring programs, playgrounds, or sponsoring block parties lead more typically to greater social capital creation? Measuring social capital Towards a theoretically informed measurement good example for researching social capital in family and community life. by Wendy Stone. Research paper no.24, Australian make of Family Studies, 2001, 38p, ISBN 0 642 39486 5 To inform the Institutes Families, Social Capital and Citizenship project, this paper contributes to the development of clear links between theorised and empirical understandings of social capital by establishing a theoretically informed measurement framework for empirical investigation of social capital and reviewing existing measures of social capital in light of this framework. The paper concludes with a statement of guiding principles for the measurement and empirical investigation of social capital in family and community life.Social Capital as Cre dit Social capital, or aggregate reputation, is a form of credit. Some formal transactions can be supported by social capital. Informal transactions are seldom underpinned by financial credit or legal agreement and instead rely entirely social capital. We all have our internal calculators keeping tacit track of who is doing wrong and who is doing right, the health of the relationships and adjusting our actuarial tables tally to experience. While undertaking government activities environment problems should also be considered. As it has became a global issue we need to take care of everything.Globalisation and cultural identity It is fair to say that the impact of globalisation in the cultural sphere has, most generally, been viewed in a pessimistic light. Typically, it has been associated with the destruction of cultural identities, victims of the accelerating misdemeanour of a homogenized, westernized, consumer culture. This view, the constituency for which extends from (some) a cademics to anti- globalisation activists (Shepard and Hayduk 2002), tends to interpret globalization as a seamless extension of indeed, as a euphemism for western cultural imperialism.In this discussion which follows we approach this claim with a good deal of skepticism. we will not seek to deny the obvious power of globalized capitalism to distribute and promote its cultural goods in every corner. Nor will we take up the argument now very commonly made by critics of the cultural imperialism thesis (Lull 2000 Thompson 1995 Tomlinson 1991) that a deeper cultural impact cannot be slowly inferred from the presence of such goods.What we will try to argue is something more specific that cultural identity, properly understood, is much more the product of globalization than its victim. personal identity as Treasure To begin, let us sketch the implicit (for it is usually implicit) reasoning behind the effrontery that globalization destroys identities. Once upon a time, before the era of globalization, there existed local, autonomous, distinct and well-defined, robust and culturally sustaining connections between geographical place and cultural experience.These connections constituted ones and ones communitys cultural identity. This identity was something people simply had as an undisturbed existential possession, an inheritance, a benefit of traditional long dwelling, of continuity with the past. Identity, then, like language, was not just a description of cultural be it was a sort of collective treasure of local communities. But it was also discovered to be something frail that needed protecting and preserving that could be lost.Into this world of manifold, discrete, but to various degrees vulnerable, cultural identities there suddenly sunder (apparently around the middle of the 1980s) the corrosive power of globalization. Globalization, so the story goes, has swept like a glut tide through the worlds diverse cultures, destroying stable localities, displ acing peoples, bringing a market-driven, branded homogenization of cultural experience, thus obliterating the differences between locality-defined cultures which had constituted our identities.Though globalization has been judged as involving a general process of loss of cultural diversity, some of course did better, some worse out of this process. Identity as ethnic Power Let us begin with identity, a concept which surely lies at the heart of our modern cultural imagination. It is not, in fact, difficult in the prolific literature of analysis of the concept to find positions which contender the story of identity as the victim of globalization. Identity and Institutional ModernityThis brings the central claim that globalization actually proliferates rather than destroys identities. In this respect we depart somewhat from Castellss position in picture identity as a sort of autonomous cultural dynamic, surging up from the grassroots as an oppositional force to globalization, Cast ells really fails to see the rather compelling inner logic between the globalization process and the institutionalized construction of identities. This, in other way, lies in the nature of the institutions of modernity that globalization distributes.To put the weigh simply globalization is really the globalization of modernity, and modernity is the harbinger of identity. It is a common assumption that identity-formation is a universal feature of human experience. Castells seems implicitly to take this view when he writes Identity is peoples source of meaning and experience (1997 6). But whilst it is true that the construction of meaning via cultural practices is a human universal, it does not follow that this invariably takes the form of identity construction as we currently understand it in the global-modern West.This form of ethnocentric assumption has been recently criticized both by anthropologists and media and cultural critics. Globalization and Modernity To evaluate this, i t is necessary to take a more complex view of the globalization process than is often adoptive certainly in the polemical discourses of the anti-globalization movement, where globalization is essentially understood as the globalization of capitalism, achieved in its cultural aspect via a complicate western dominated media system.This more complex, multidimensional conceptualization, which views globalization as operate simultaneously and interrelated in the economic, technological-communicational, political and cultural spheres of human life, is in fact relatively un-contentious at least in principle within academic discourses.But the cultural implication, rather less easily swallowed by some, is that globalization involves not the simple enforced distribution of a particular western (say, liberal, secular, possessive-individualist, capitalist-consumerist) lifestyle, but a more complicated dissemination of the entire range of institutional features of cultural modernity.Referenc esPutnam, R (2001) Bowling Alone the collapse and revival of American community, Touchstone, London Tomlinson, J (1999) Globalisation and culture, Policy Press, Cambridge Social capital http//www. jrc. es/home/report/english/articles/vol85/ICT4E856. htm http//www. envplan. com/ http//www. infed. org/thinkers/putnam. htm http//www. naturaledgeproject. net/NAON_ch11. aspx

Walden by Henry David Thoreau Essay Example for Free

Walden by Henry David Thoreau EssayIn a recent the States where informal means amoral, and idealist means hopeless fool, cell-phones ring to the tunes of Ashlee Simpson and Eminem SUVs growl and vomit fumes during blossom hour TVs blast continuous images of sex and violence, reality and fiction combined in a way to fool and entice and unify all under the blanket of consumerist conformity. Peace is an snitch concept and quiet is for the dead. The reality is fast, loud, scary, and smaller than anyone ever imagined. In these fearful times, conformity and resigned desperation atomic number 18 the king and queen.Individuality in Ameri hobo society is looked upon with suspicious eyes, as even feigned single is preferable to sincere integrity. Even freedom has a new meaning, as leaders repeat it same a mantra to justify the latest horrifically comical atrocity. What better time than to disappear into the woods in the hoidenish tradition of the transcendentalists? Walden Summa ry In an 1841 oration, leading transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson said, The universal does not attract us until housed in an individual, and nowhere is this truer than with his booster, Henry David Thoreau, who came embody an enlightened sense of natural awargonness.At a remote lake on his friend Emersons property, found the inspiration for Thoreau to draw his masterwork about record, identity operator, change manners. Walden captured the cardinal years he worn out(p) on Emersons Concord property in the mid-1840s, Thoreau created a literary escape for those alienated by the ills of proper society. From the construction of his fair house, to his natural diet, to the woodland creatures that became his neighbors and lone company, e truly panorama of his simple population is detailed.In eighteen chapters, Walden covers the world around Thoreau and his teensy cabin. With chapter titles like Economy, Where I Lived, and What I Lived For, and The Pond in Winter, the simple aspe cts of existence are the most important. Thoreau begins with a long chapter on Economy, in which he explains his enslavement for refusing to pay a poll-tax he saw as unjust, and his desire for simplicity. Thoreau spends a great deal of the sustain discussing the simplicity of Nature and how it relates to humanity, morality, and knowledge.While insight runs all through the book, Walden possesses slightly chapters that are particularly stiff and deal with knowledge, individualism, and friendship. In the chapter Reading, Thoreau explains the importance of books saying, To read well, that is, to read true books in a true spirit, is a noble exercise, and one that will task the reader more than any exercise which the customs of the twenty-four hour period esteem. It requires procreation such as the athletes underwent the steady intention almost of the whole life to this object. This quote is very important because Thoreau is saying that reading is not an easy task, just now it als o requires lots of practice and training just as athletes undergo. Throughout the chapter, Thoreau states how everyone should read books, and modern humans could end up like pygmies and manikins. No wonder that Alexander carried the Iliad with him on his expeditions in a precious casket (Thoreau). To Thoreau, reading and knowledge are the keys to elegance. In the chapter on Solitude, Thoreau explains how being alone is not at all a bad thing. but for the most part it is as solitary where I live as on the prairies. It is as more than Asia or Africa as New England, I have, as it were, my own sun and moon and stars, and a little world all to myself. Thoreau does not look at solitude as being something bad or a punishment, but looks at it as if it were a gift. When he says that he has his own little world all to himself, it makes readers ponder their own solitude. To Americans in the twenty-first century, the concept of solitude is relatively foreign, but as described by Thoreau, it makes it more desirable.In the chapter Visitors, Thoreau talks about how having people around is just as good as being in solitude. I had three chairs in my house one for solitude, two for friendship, three for society. When visitors came in larger and unexpected numbers there was but the third chair for them all, but they generally economized the room by standing up. When Thoreau said that he wanted to keep things as simple as possible, he meant it, offering only three chairs to his visitors.Thoreau says that it was amazing how he could fit twenty-five to cardinal people in his tiny house, and how that brought him and all of his visitors closer to get offher. I could not but notice some of the peculiarities of my visitors. Girls and boys and young women generally seemed glad to be in the woods. They looked in the pond and at the flowers, and improved their time. (Coleridge) prejudicious Criticisms Walden is required reading for many high up school students unfamiliar with the things Thoreau discusses in the book.He explained the importance and requisite of reading, he showed how being alone is usually a good thing, and he also showed how great visitors can be. While many high school students care for visitors, reading and solitude are things they avoid. Today a majority of high school students do not read books because it is considered boring, and with todays technology, no one has to read. With news and TV, psyche or something else often reads to most people. Despite the incident that many people in modern America do not read, Walden is nonoperational read by many reluctant students who would rather be online or on the phone.Thoreau defends his book against those who read and fail to understand what they are reading It is not all books that are as dull as their readers. The people who might find the insights of Thoreau and the desire for the simple life boring, are in fact boring thinkers. Some others may find Thoreaus distrust of modern civilizat ion misplaced, as many find the progress of the industrial and com clotheer revolutions to be ideal for humanity. The idea of sacrificing that for a rough life in the woods may seem ludicrous.Someone like Thoreau may be seen as a crazy hippie or mountain man, and todays world favors the engineers, entertainers, and the high life. Society has not simplified one bit in the last one hundred cardinal years, and this could signify that Walden has had little real effect on American culture. However, this is not the representative in American literature. Positive Criticisms Few question the importance of Henry David Thoreaus Walden in American literature. Thoreaus descriptions of life in its simplest and most idyllic continue to inspire conservation efforts and serve as a testament to the value of Nature.From the construction of his house in the thick of the New England woods, to his diet, and to the woodland creatures that became his neighbors and lone company, every aspect of his simp le existence is elegantly detailed. Much of his reverence for Nature leads contemporary Americans to believe Thoreau and Walden to be all environmental and conversationalist, but those truly enamored with Thoreau and his transcendentalist ideals know better. Walden retains a timeless wisdom, re musical themeing readers the value of smelling the proverbial roses.Our life is frittered away by detail Simplify, simplify (Thoreau 89). Whether in the throws of the Industrial Revolution as Thoreau, or in the era of ambitious terrorism and open-ended declarations of war as modern humans, details create confusion. Humans forget about life while they live it, often concerned mainly with conformity. wherefore should we be in such desperate haste to succeed and in such desperate enterprises? If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer (317).Perhaps, the strongest issue put forth in the book is that of indistinguishability, as themes of self-reliance and stoicism run throughout the work. Individualism, the importance of the individual, self-reliance, and individual(prenominal) independence is one of the leading characteristics of the era of Romanticism. Henry David Thoreau wrote about individualism and demonstrated his belief by the way he lived. Living at Walden Pond, standing up to his governance, refusing to pay a poll-tax to a government with which he viewed as corrupt are examples of his fierce independence and individuality.Thoreau is a stellar example of what individuality can produce. A worthy goal is to make the effort to devote oneself to thought and work, to in fact nurture ones own individuality, rather than becoming lost in the mainstream of life. This will allow greater individuality and diversity to complement current day society. The true secret to Waldens success and timelessness is that Americans tranquillize make the same mistakes and take the same things for granted as they did 150 years ago. Everything still applies, in nature and man.Only the details have changed. Technology still marches on war still looms large over the landscape America continues to grow and spread its influence, for better or worse. In the case of Thoreau, for better, at least according to George Eliot who said, we have a bit of pure American life (not the go a-head species, but its opposite pole), animated by that energetic, yet calm spirit of innovation (Eliot 46). In modern America, where the go a-head species lead us blindly into an abyss, it is the voices of Americans like Thoreau peacefully simple.Perhaps, Emerson said it best when he eulogized his friend, No truer American existed than Thoreau (Emerson). And, there have been few books that have been more American than Walden. Conclusion Thoreau went to the woods to get to the most basic facts of life and to appreciate and enjoy everything about these most basic facts. Thoreau viewed the woods in particular, and Nature in general, as a teach er of life and living. Thoreau believed that the simpler his life became the greater his opportunity to appreciate life. Thoreau did not want to allow society to determine that which he knew as life.To live an existence base on the common experience of others would be as to neglect ones own experience. Individualism and an appreciation for nature and solitude do not necessarily mean living as a hermit. Thoreau believed that in ordinance to truly appreciate life, to understand and experience life as ones own life, it is necessary to quiet the mind of all the surrounding trappings of society. To this day, Walden serves as one of the greatest examples of the benefits of living the simple life.ReferencesColeridge, S. T. , (1969). The Collected workings of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. ed. Kathleen Coburn, Princeton Princeton UP. , 6 30. Eliot, G. (1988). Review of Walden. Critical Essays on Thoreaus Walden. Ed. Joel Myerson. Boston C. K. Hall Co. , 46. Emerson, R. W. (8 Dec. 1997). The Eulogy of Henry David Thoreau. RWE. org The industrial plant of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Accessed 29 Jan. 2007 from http//www. rwe. org/pages/eulogy_of_thoreau. htm Thoreau, H. D. (2004). Walden A Fully Annotated Edition. Ed. Jeffery S. Cramer. New Haven Yale University Press. (Original work published 1854)